HCl
Relative molecular mass. 36.46
Chemical name. Hydrochloric acid; CAS Reg. No. 7647-01-0.
Description. A clear, colourless, fuming liquid; odour, pungent.
Miscibility. Miscible with water.
Category. Acidifying agent.
Storage. Hydrochloric acid should be kept in a tightly closed container.
Additional information. The fumes and odour disappear when the acid is diluted with 2 volumes of water.
Mass density: ρ20 = about 1.18 g/ml.
Requirements
Hydrochloric acid contains not less than 35.0% m/mand not more than the equivalent of 38.0% m/mof HCl.
Identity tests
A. It is strongly acid.
B. Use 0.1 ml; it yields the reactions described under 2.1 General identification tests as characteristic of chlorides.
C. Allow a glass stick wetted with ammonia (~100 g/l) TS to come near the surface of Hydrochloric acid; white fumes are evolved.
Heavy metals. For the preparation of the test solution evaporate 4 g to dryness on a water-bath, add 2 ml of acetic acid (~60 g/l) PbTS, dilute to 40 ml and mix; determine the heavy metals content as described under 2.2.3 Limit test for heavy metals, Method A; not more than 5 μg/g.
Arsenic. Dilute 4.3 ml to 10 ml with water. Use 1 ml and proceed as described under 2.2.5 Limit test for arsenic; not more than 2 μg/g.
For the following three tests mix 1 volume of Hydrochloric acid with 2 volumes of water:
Bromides and iodides. To 10 ml add 1 ml of chloroform R and add cautiously, a drop at a time with constant stirring, chlorine TS which has been diluted with an equal volume of water; the chloroform remains free from even a transient yellow, orange, or violet colour.
Free bromine and chlorine. To 10 ml add 1 ml of potassium iodide (80 g/l) TS and 1 ml of chloroform R, and shake the mixture; the chloroform remains free from any violet colour for at least 1 minute.
Sulfites. Mix 3 ml with 5 ml of water and add 5 drops of barium chloride (50 g/l) TS and 2 drops of iodine (0.05 mol/l) VS; no turbidity is produced and the colour of the iodine is not completely discharged.
Sulfates. To 20 ml add 40 mg of sodium hydrogen carbonate R and evaporate to dryness on a water-bath; dissolve the residue in 20 ml of water and proceed as described under 2.2.2 Limit test for sulfates; the sulfate content is not more than 20 μg/g.
Residue on ignition. Place 10 g in a porcelain dish and evaporate to dryness on a water-bath. Ignite the residue to constant mass; not more than 0.1 mg/g.
Assay. Add about 1.5 ml, accurately weighed, to a tared glass-stoppered flask containing 20 ml of water; then add 25 ml of water and titrate with sodium hydroxide (1 mol/l) VS, using methyl red/ethanol TS as indicator.
Each ml of sodium hydroxide (1 mol/l) VS is equivalent to 36.46 mg of HCl.
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