Molecular formula. C9H8O4
Relative molecular mass. 180.2
Graphic formula.
Chemical name. 2-(Acetyloxy)benzoic acid; 2-acetoxybenzoic acid; CAS Reg. No. 50-78-2.
Description. Colourless crystals or a white, crystalline powder; odourless or almost odourless.
Solubility. Soluble in about 300 parts of water; freely soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS; soluble in ether R.
Category. Analgesic; antipyretic.
Storage. Acetylsalicylic acid should be kept in a tightly closed container, protected from light.
Additional information. Even in the absence of light, Acetylsalicylic acid is gradually degraded on exposure to a humid atmosphere, the decomposition being faster at higher temperatures.
Requirements
Definition. Acetylsalicylic acid contains not less than 99.0% and not more than 100.5% of C9H8O4, calculated with reference to the dried substance.
Identity tests
A. Heat 0.05 g in 2 ml of water for several minutes, cool, and add 1-2 drops of ferric chloride (25 g/l) TS; a violet-red colour is produced, which does not change on the addition of ethanol (~750 g/l) TS.
B. Boil 0.2 g with 4 ml of sodium hydroxide (~80 g/l) TS for about 3 minutes, cool, and add 5 ml of sulfuric acid (~100 g/l) TS; a white, crystalline precipitate is formed. Filter (keep the filtrate for test C), wash the precipitate with water and dry at 105°C. Melting temperature, about 159°C (salicylic acid).
C. Heat the filtrate from test B with 2 ml of ethanol (~750 g/l) TS and 2 ml of sulfuric acid (~1760 g/l) TS; ethyl acetate, perceptible by its odour (proceed with caution), is produced.
Heavy metals. Use 1.0 g and 25 ml of acetone R for the preparation of the test solution as described under 2.2.3 Limit test for heavy metals, procedure 2; determine the heavy metal content according to Method A; not more than 20 μg/g.
Solution in ethanol. A solution of 1.0 g in 10 ml of ethanol (~750 g/l) TS is clear and colourless.
Solution in alkali. A solution of 0.5 g in 10 ml of warm sodium carbonate (50 g/l) TS is clear.
Sulfated ash. Not more than 1.0 mg/g.
Loss on drying. Dry to constant weight at ambient temperature under reduced pressure (not exceeding 0.6 kPa or about 5 mm of mercury) over silica gel, desiccant, R; it loses not more than 5.0 mg/g.
Salicylic acid. Dissolve 0.50 g in sufficient ethanol (~750 g/l) TS to produce 25 ml and transfer 10 ml to a comparison tube. Dissolve separately 0.040 g of salicylic acid R in sufficient water to produce 100 ml. Transfer 1 ml of this solution to a second comparison tube and add to it 10 ml of ethanol (~750 g/l) TS. Add water to both tubes to make 50 ml, followed by 1 ml of ferric ammonium sulfate TS1, mix and allow to stand for 1 minute. The violet colour of the test solution is not more intense than that of the reference solution when compared as described under 1.11 Colour of liquids; the salicylic acid content is not more than 2.0 mg/g.
Assay. To about 0.20 g, accurately weighed, add 50 ml of carbonate-free sodium hydroxide (0.1 mol/l) VS, and boil under reflux for 10 minutes. Titrate the excess of alkali with sulfuric acid (0.05 mol/l) TS, using phenolphthalein/ethanol TS as indicator. Repeat the operation without the substance being examined and make any necessary corrections. Each ml of carbonate-free sodium hydroxide (0.1 mol/l) VS is equivalent to 9.008 mg of C9H8O4.
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